We present a mathematical model for the holographic image capture, which facilitates the use of inverse imaging techniques to recover individual sections. A bright holographic image is read out due to the optical separation between the write and read sides by a dielectric mirror. At this point, it must be noted that in this calculation it is not obligatory to take the reference beam into account if it is plane and uniform, contrary to the case of physical reconstruction using a laser which requires illumination with a reference beam. The term hologram is a combination of the greek words holos complete and gram message holography is a process for recording and displaying three dimensional information without lenses therefore holography opens up completely new possibilities in science, engineering, graphics and arts. The optics table has been divided into two partitions which allows a specific setup to remain intact. Furst, np discovered by the hungarian dennis gabor in 1948, holography is based on the concept of interference. In this paper, a digital hologram reconstruction process is investigated. Methods of recognition of an aberrated holographic reconstruction are described, as well as a recognition of the type of.
Review of digital holography reconstruction methods. Indeed, reconstruction in different adjustment planes is only appropriate if the sampling pitch of the image remains constant. Holography is the recording construction of wavefront inter ference patterns created by coherent laser light sources and the replay reconstruction of these patterns as visual images or other forms of wave media. Methods of digital reconstruction by convolution are currently used in digital holographic microscopy. Introduction to holography download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl. Digital holography became feasible since charged coupled devices ccds with suitable numbers and sizes of pixels and computers with suf. Dec 05, 2017 this is small topic of engineering physics. Digital inline holography with numerical reconstruction has been developed in our group into a tool that routinely achieves both lateral and depth resolution at and below the micron level. Reconstruction of image in the reconstruction process, the hologram is illuminated by laser beam and this beam is called reconstruction beam. Holography 1 holography introduction and background the. Unlike ordinary photographs, holograms record both phase and amplitude information. Though holography is simple enough for a novice to do in his or her basement, there are still a great number of factors in the process that can ruin the holograms. Familiarize yourself with the apparatus in the holography room.
Because holographic image reconstruction is an illposed problem, our statistical technique is based on penalizedlikelihood estimation. Optimized image reconstruction in digital holography. Recording and reconstruction process in holography winner. As such, recently, techniques developed in the field of compressive sensing and sparse representation have been applied for this task. Reconstruction of the original volume can be accomplished by applying digital reconstruction or decoding techniques. Click download or read online button to get introduction to holography book now. In some instances of definition, it is as important to clarify what you. Because phase is a relative property, construction of a hologram requires a reference beam in addition to the light re. Reconstruction of sectional images in holography using. Digital holography is an attractive method for instantaneous measurement of threedimensional 3d objects and numerical reconstruction of the 3d objects after the recording. After invention of holography by dennis gabor in 1947 it is widely used in various areas. As a pinhole aperture must be placed after the led, am not sure about the. The reconstruction can be implemented optically for visualization.
We note that 3d image reconstruction of this kind cannot be achieved by the traditional physical replay process. Reconstruction guarantees for compressive tomographic holography. Gabor and invention of principles of optical holography. Department of physics, stanford university, stanford, california 943054060 suitp9924 3 june 1999 hepth9906022 abstract we provide a backgroundindependent formulation of the holographic principle. Compared with conventional methods, digital holography has some obvious advantages. First, the basic results from the general theory of holography, based on the scalar diffraction theory, are summarized, and a general description of the digital holographic microscopy process is. Digital holographic measurement and phase reconstruction. Whenever required the object can be viewed by illuminating the hologram as shown in the figure below 2. The general idea of acoustic holography has led to different versions such as nearfield acoustic holography nah and statistically optimal nearfield acoustic holography sonah.
Familiarity and proper planning will save time during construction and alignment, and reward you with excellent results. The ordinary photograph gives us only a two dimensional image of the object. Digital inline holographic microscopy jorge garciasucerquia, wenbo xu, stephan k. In conventional photography, a negative is made first and using it a positive print is produced later. The object is stored in the hologram in the form of interference pattern. Digital inline holography with numerical reconstruction. Digital holography technique allows recording and reconstruction of threedimensional images of real objects, since a hologram presents both the intensity and phase information about the object. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. For audio rendition, the wave field synthesis is the most related procedure. In ordinary photography we make use of lenses to focus the image on the photographic plate.
The positive print is only a 2d record of light intensity. The term hologram is a combination of the greek words holos complete and gram message holography is a process for recording and displaying threedimensional information without lenses therefore holography opens up completely new possibilities in science, engineering, graphics and arts. Recording and reconstruction of transmission holograms to create a transmission hologram, split the laser beam into two. In some instances of definition, it is as important to clarify what you are not describing as what you are.
The discussion in this chapter will also make clear the need for a cylindrical shaped hologram, and explain its advantages and disadvantages. Numerical reconstruction of digital holograms with variable. I want to image rotifers with the help of a digital inline holography setup. Reconstruction enhancements with optical scanning holography. Pdf 3d volume reconstruction using hologram researchgate.
This framework is much more flexible than existing work, in the sense that it can handle objects with multiple sections. Development of digital holography opened new ways of both transparent and opaque objects nondestructive study. The incident light is focussed onto the mirror at this point so that the illuminating beam for the hologram construction always appears to diverge from it. History of holography invented in 1948 by dennis gabor for use in electron microscopy, before the invention of the laser leith and upatnieks 1962 applied laser light to holography and introduced an important offaxis technique. By demanding that this endpoint can be transformed to a simple.
Construction and reconstruction of image on hologram in holography the process of image formatter consist of two types. Gabor, a new microscopic principle, nature 161, 777778 1948. Holography techniques free download as powerpoint presentation. Reconstruction guarantees for compressive tomographic. In this sense the proposed methodology for digital holographic image reconstruction goes beyond numerically mimicking the traditional film based holographic replay.
The aesthetic appeal and commercial usefulness of holography are both related to the. Holography modern physics lab, ucsd department of physics written by michael pollack theory. While many applications of compressive sensing for tomography from digital holograms have been demonstrated. Weiner 1sandia national laboratories, 1515 eubank blvd. Digital holography using a laser pointer and consumer digital camera report date. The techniques and principles of holography have been modi. Optical scanning holography osh 1 has the benefit of recording the entire threedimensional 3d volume of a specimen in the form of a two dimensional 2d hologram. The advantages and limitations of common wave propagation methods are discussed. Creating your own illusion lab manual sarah honorowski 01, shialing kwa 01 and shane smith 02. First, digital holography can dramatically simplify the.
Introduction to holography download ebook pdf, epub. To fully understand the history of holography you need to have a basic idea of what a hologram is. Numerical reconstruction of digital holograms with. Penalizedlikelihood image reconstruction for digital. Here we describe a new method for numerically reconstructing. Completing the reconstruction of the pure gravity sector and beyond 52. Recording and reconstruction process in holography. Single shot digital holography using iterative reconstruction. The reconstruction of the object field encoded within the hologram is based on the principle of light diffraction.
Oct 18, 2016 the video lecture will explain how a hologram is made. Atomic holography has evolved out of the development of the basic elements of atom optics. Principles and techniques of digital holographic microscopy. Because phase is a relative property, construction of a. Pdf 3d volume reconstruction technology is the new sign of future technology and communications. Basic principles and applications of holography spie. Lfcs, university of edinburgh, informatics forum, 10 crichton street, edinburgh, eh8 9ab, scotland, uk and maxwell institute for mathematical sciences, edinburgh, uk ayan mukhopadhyay institut f.
During reconstruction, depending on the orientation of the. Digital holographic measurement and phase reconstruction of. Single shot digital holography using iterative reconstruction with alternating updates of amplitude and phase dennis j. Pdf holography is the science of making holograms which are usually intended for displaying three dimensional images. Osa reconstruction of sectional images in holography using. Derived from the greek word holos meaning whole, the term hologram means simply a complete picture. Holography 1 holography introduction and background the aesthetic appeal and commercial usefulness of holography are both related to the ability of a hologram to store a threedimensional image.
The theory behind holography is rather straightforward and based on the fact that information recorded in the emulsion of photographic or holographic film is caused by the intensity, not the phase, of the electromagnetic wave incident on the film. This beam is identical to reference beam used in construction of hologram. Sep 30, 2010 history of holography invented in 1948 by dennis gabor for use in electron microscopy, before the invention of the laser leith and upatnieks 1962 applied laser light to holography and introduced an important offaxis technique. This paper discusses the reconstruction of sectional images from a hologram generated by optical scanning holography. Holography october, 2006 overview since the last writing 2002, many changes and improvements have been made during the past few years. Holography is now offered in both sessions of phys 128ab, allowing more students to perform the lab. That point therefore constitutes a substantially fixed apparent beam source position which remains stationary relative to the film over which the beam is scanned. This article describes the principles and major applications of digital recording and numerical reconstruction of holograms digital holography. For the purposes of reconstruction, the hologram can be illuminated with white light and viewed in reflection. The seidel aberrations are described as they apply to holography.
Realtime construction and reconstruction of fresnel holograms is demonstrated using an opticallyaddressable ferroelectric liquidcrystal spatial light modulator. Dynamics after a spatially localized optical excitation pdf. Holography uses an interference pattern to encode and record an image. The focussing takes place only in a single plane and all other planes are out of focus. If the holographic plate is illuminated after its development using the same reference wave used in the recording process, the light will diffract into three orders of diffraction if the diffraction network is sinusoidal. The reconstruction of this image is an optical shaping that appears distinct from the material surface. Additional requirements include a powerful, coherent, monochromatic light source e.
Holography accomplishes such a reconstruction by recording the phase content as well as the amplitude content of the reflected light waves of a laser beam. However, its presence degrades the primary wave and prevents getting a high quality hologram. The beam reflected from the object is called object beam and the other one. Understand that making a hologram requires the recording of interference patterns between light. Pdf dynamic digital holography for recording and reconstruction. In the case of a spherical wave, it would be necessary to take the curvature of the wave front into account and to multiply by an.
Threedimensional 3d object tomography from a twodimensional recorded hologram is a process of highdimensional data inference from undersampled data. A laser beam identical to the reference beam is used for reconstruction of the object. The development of new holography methods made it suitable for new industrial and scientific applications. The video lecture will explain how a hologram is made. Gabor in 1948, it initially aimed at solving the resolution problem of electron microscope with coaxial holography inline hologram. Construction and reconstruction of image on hologram for. Pdf in this work, we present the optical recording and reconstruction of dynamic 3d digital. A hologram is a physical recording of an interference pattern which uses diffraction to. Listen to jason arthur sapan talk about the history of holography on gizmodo.
The name for the technique that was developed comes from the greek word holos, meaning whole, and gramma, meaning message. May 04, 1993 the incident light is focussed onto the mirror at this point so that the illuminating beam for the hologram construction always appears to diverge from it. It permits the construction of embedded hypersurfaces. Construction and reconstruction of image on hologram. More complete discussions of the theory are in references 1, 2, 3. It will explain the recording and reconstruction processes in holography. Digital holography using a laser pointer and consumer. Digital recording and numerical reconstruction of holograms. Holography is a technique that enables a light field, which is generally the product of a light source scattered off objects, to be recorded and later reconstructed when the original light field is no longer present, due to the absence of the original objects.
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